Interestingly, we have not found studies in which Downs’ theory has been applied to other stakeholders, except citizens, in policy conflicts, which our study does. The other three stakeholders’ semantic networks that we analyze, do not track as well as the citizens do to Downs’ issue-attention cycle theory. The true nature of light turned out to be more complicated, actually having properties of both, but at that time it was thought Newton made a mistake by pushing a particle theory of light. Questions 16-22 Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?One thus begins the study advancing a theory, collects data to test it, and reflects on whether the theory was confirmed or disconfirmed by the results in the study. The theory becomes a framework for the entire study, an organizing model for the research questions or hypotheses for the data collection procedure” (Creswell, 1994, pp. 87-88).